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Phytophthora alticola and Phytophthora cinnamomi on Eucalyptus globulus in Portugal

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Abstract

Eucalypt, mostly Eucalyptus globulus, is the exotic tree species occupying the largest area of Portuguese planted forest. Eucalypts were introduced in the country more than one hundred years ago, but it was only in the second half of the twentieth century that the area of plantations grew with the onset of their use in the paper and pulp industry. As an exotic species, it was free from pests and diseases but gradually the number of insects and pathogens affecting these plants increased. In recent year, a new disease causing root rot and dieback has been detected with increasing frequency. In this work, two Phytophthora species, P. cinnamomi and P. alticola, were identified associated with these symptoms. Koch’s postulates were fulfilled, proving that these two species are pathogenic to E. globulus. This is the first report of P. alticola outside South Africa. Although presently unknown, the possible factors associated with the increased occurrence of this disease are discussed.

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Data availability

Sequences are available at GenBank (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank) and alignments and trees are deposited in TreeBase (https://treebase.org).

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Acknowledgements

This work was partly supported by a collaborative protocol, “Diseases in Eucalyptus, survey and strategies to control new diseases,” established between INIAV - Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária I. P., RAIZ - Instituto de Investigação da Floresta e Papel and Altri Florestal. The authors would like to acknowledge Catarina Gonçalves (From RAIZ Institute) for managing the shipment of samples and Joana Henriques, Ana Paula Maduro, Isabel Lourenço, Francisco Martins and Adérito Matos (INIAV) for technical assistance. Helena Bragança acknowledges the support from UIDB/04551/2020 and UIDP/04551/2020 Centre grants to (GREEN-IT) and Alan JL Phillips acknowledges the support from UIDB/04046/2020 and UIDP/04046/2020 Centre grants from FCT, Portugal (to BioISI).

Funding

This work was funded by a collaborative protocol, “Estudo das Doenças do eucalipto – prospecção e controlo” established between INIAV, RAIZ and Altri Florestal S. A.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unidade de Sistemas Agrários e Florestais e Sanidade Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária I. P., Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal

    Eugénio Diogo, Helena Machado & Helena Bragança

  2. Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal

    Eugénio Diogo & Alan J.L. Phillips

  3. Altri Florestal S. A., Olho Marinho, Óbidos, Portugal

    Ana Reis

  4. RAIZ - Instituto de Investigação da Floresta e Papel, Quinta de São Francisco, Apartado 15, 3801-501, Eixo-Aveiro, Portugal

    Carlos Valente

  5. GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal

    Helena Bragança

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  1. Eugénio Diogo
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Contributions

E.D., H.B., and H. M. designed the experiments; C. V. and A. R. performed the survey and collect the samples; E.D. and H. M. performed the experiments and data analysis; E.D. wrote the first draft of the manuscript; HB and A.J.L.P. supervised the study. All authors have read, edited, and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Eugénio Diogo.

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Diogo, E., Machado, H., Reis, A. et al. Phytophthora alticola and Phytophthora cinnamomi on Eucalyptus globulus in Portugal. Eur J Plant Pathol 165, 255–269 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-022-02604-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-022-02604-9

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