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A glimpse into the viticulture of Roman Lusitania: morphometric analysis of charred grape pips from Torre dos Namorados, Portugal

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Abstract

The Roman site of Torre dos Namorados (Fundão, Beiras region, central Portugal) is a rare find, identified as a Roman vicus (village), with evidence of making wine and olive oil. During the archaeological campaigns of 2006–2007, a rectangular Roman lacus musti (must, grape juice, settling vat) was found, built with tegulae (tiles) and bricks and containing thousands of charred grape pips and skins. By using a stepwise linear discriminant analysis method, a morphological comparison was made of these archaeological grape pips and with a reference collection of modern pips, both from cultivated Portuguese varieties of Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera and from wild vines of Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris, to study similarities between them. The modern grape pips were charred in order to obtain suitable material to compare with the archaeological pips. The statistical analysis showed a clear association between the archaeological grape pips and wild grapes, suggesting that these were used for making wine in Roman times. The data presented here represent the first systematic study of Roman viticulture in the Lusitanian province of Iberia.

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Acknowledgements

This research is part of the HERITAS Doctoral Programme with a doctoral grant (PD/BD/128278/2017) funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT). The authors also acknowledge the Hercules Laboratory project (UIDB/04449/2020 and UIDP/04449/2020) funded by the FCT. The work of M. Ucchesu has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement (No 101019563 – VITALY). The work of G. Bacchetta has been carried out with the financial assistance of the European Union under the ENI CBC Mediterranean Sea Basin Programme. A sincere thank you to Rebecca MacRoberts for her diligent and significant proofreading of this paper, which made it possible to improve our text. Thanks to the anonymous reviewers and James Greig for their careful reading of the manuscript and their many meaningful and valuable comments and suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Largo do Marquês de Marialva, n.8, 7000, Evora, Portugal

    Ginevra Coradeschi & Cristina Barrocas Dias

  2. Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), University of Cagliari, V. le S. Ignazio da Laconi 11-13, 09123, Cagliari, Italy

    Mariano Ucchesu & Gianluigi Bacchetta

  3. Institute of Evolution Sciences of Montpellier (ISEM) UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France

    Mariano Ucchesu

  4. National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, I.P. / INIAV - Quinta da Almoinha, 2565-191, Dois Portos, Torres Vedras, Portugal

    Eiras Dias, Jorge Cunha & M. Margarida Baleiras-Couto

  5. Green-it Unit, António Xavier Institute of Chemical and Biological Technology, Nova University of Lisbon, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal

    Eiras Dias & Jorge Cunha

  6. BioISI – Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal

    M. Margarida Baleiras-Couto

  7. Research Centre in Archaeology, Arts and Heritage Sciences, Largo da Porta Férrea, 3000-395, Coimbra, Portugal

    Maria Ângelo

  8. Independent Archaeologist , Mafra, Portugal

    Carla Alegria Ribeiro

  9. Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671, Evora, Portugal

    Cristina Barrocas Dias

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Coradeschi, G., Ucchesu, M., Dias, E. et al. A glimpse into the viticulture of Roman Lusitania: morphometric analysis of charred grape pips from Torre dos Namorados, Portugal. Veget Hist Archaeobot 32, 349–360 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-023-00912-6

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